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Nikolay Yakovlevich Kiselyov ((ロシア語:Николай Яковлевич Киселёв); 1913 in Bogorodskoye – 1974 in Moscow), also commonly transliterated from the Russian language as Nikolai Kiselev, was a Soviet Red Army soldier, prisoner of war, and partisan leader during World War II. Best remembered for his work in saving the lives of more than two hundred Jews endangered by the Nazi occupation of Belarus, where he was leading a detachment of the Soviet partisan movement in 1942, he was posthumously recognized as one of the Russian Federation's Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem, Israel's national Holocaust memorial, in 2005. ==Biography== Born to a peasant Russian family from the rural locality of Bogorodskoye near Ufa, Russian Empire in 1913, Kiselyov studied in Leningrad. Following the 22 June 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany, he went off to war as a recently graduated student of international commerce in Leningrad and Communist Party member and began serving in the Red Army as a politruk (army political officer) in 1941. Wounded and taken prisoner by the Germans in a matter of months after the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, Kiselyov survived a brief period in German captivity in spite of the notorious Commissar Order issued by Adolf Hitler prior to the invasion in 1941. Subsequently escaping to join up with Soviet partisans active in Nazi-occupied Belarus, he became chief of staff of the ''Pobeda'' ("Victory") detachment of the ''Mstitel'' ("Avenger") partisan battalion, which formed in the summer of 1942 in the forests just north of the Belarusian capital, Minsk. At the nearby Jewish ghetto of Dolginovo (Daŭhinava), a massacre had been carried out on 5 June 1942 as part of the Nazi "Final Solution", and the ''Mstitel'' battalion acquired knowledge of the events. Some five thousand local Jewish men, women, and children had been forcibly collected at the beginning of the German occupation as part of the Nazi implementation of the Holocaust in Belarus. Survivors of the ghetto liquidation processrun-away Jews fleeing from the murders carried out by Nazi forces and their auxiliaries, Nazi collaborators from the nearby Baltic republics of Latvia and Lithuaniawere trickling into the forests near Dolginovo throughout the summer of 1942, and their accounts of the Dolginovo atrocities were recounted among the partisan personnel of the Soviet forests.〔Yefimov, Pyotr. ("Интернет-газета «Мы здесь» о фильме «Список Киселева»" ) ("Online Newspaper ''My Zdes'' on the Film ''Kiselev's List''"). AB-TV Television Company. 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2009. 〕 The partisans' attempt to rescue Dolginovo's Jews began in August 1942, as a reaction to the perilous situation of the refugees who had successfully made their way out of Dolginovo. Of the one-time ghetto population of 5000 people, not more than about 300 were still alive at the timea number still too large to be supported by the supply line of the partisan units in the Belarusian forests. Kiselyov personally led the remaining survivors to safety behind the Soviet lines, some 1500 kilometers to the east, cognizant of the difficulty of the situation for the large group of people. By November 1942, Kiselyov had succeeded in transferring some 218 people to the rear of the Soviet forces. Mistaken for a deserter who had come back from the front, Kiselyov was accordingly arrested, but was quickly released at the intervention of the very people he had just rescued.〔Khemakin, Sergey. ("Снят фильм о «русском Шиндлере»" ) ("Film About 'the Russian Schindler' Completed"). ''Argumenty Nedeli'' 21 (107). 22 May 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2009. 〕 An order personally crediting Kiselyov with the rescue of "210 Belarusian Jewish families"was issued by the partisan staff on 14 January 1943.〔Gerasimova, Inna. ("«Список Киселева»: предисловие и послесловие" ) ("''Kiselev's List'': Foreword and Afterword"). ''Sovetskaya Belorussiya'' No. 227 (23371), 21 October 2008. Belarus Segodnya. Retrieved 1 December 2009. 〕 A plane carrying a superior's recommendation for an award of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union to Kiselyovthe highest honorary title awarded by the Soviet Unionwas shot down during the war; consequently, Kiselyov was never as prominently recognized.〔("Николай Киселев - Праведник народов мира" ) ("Nikolay Kiselyov - Righteous Among the Nations"). Maryina Roshcha Jewish Community Center and Synagogue. 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2009. 〕 Kiselyov lived in Moscow after the war, and, though taking credit for the rescue in his letters to fellow partisan fighters, did not seek to have his act recognized as something extraordinary or seek public commemoration of his wartime effort.〔〔 After further service with the Soviet military, Kiselyov was discharged in 1944. Having met the woman who would become his wife while working with her in the partisan movement, Kiselyov married in 1946, and had one son and one daughter. In Moscow, he worked as an official in the Soviet trade ministry in the post-war period. Kiselyov died at age 60 in 1974. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nikolay Kiselyov (soldier)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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